Developing an assessment of online learning literacy for physical education teachers (OLLPET) in China (preprint)

The globalization of education is becoming increasingly competitive. The convenience of online learning helps countries actively respond to this challenge by overcoming geographic barriers and, during medical emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic, facilitating safe, accessible, high-quality education. This two-stage study developed a tool for assessing online learning literacy for physical education (PE) teachers (OLLPET) using two rounds of the Delphi method and one round of expert ranking consultations with 15 PE experts from universities, primary and secondary schools, and teaching-research staff to draw up, revise, and finalize an evaluation index system for OLLPET. Our OLLPET evaluation index system includes three first-level indicators—online learning values (OLV), online learning essential character (OLEC), and online learning key competencies (OLKC)—with equal weighting given to OLV (0.367) and OLKC (0.367) and slightly less given to OLEC (0.267). The OLLPET is a theoretical yet practical tool that governments, schools, and teachers can use to evaluate PE teachers’ online learning literacy to improve their learning capacity in a targeted manner.

The risk factors and outcomes for radiological abnormalities in early convalescence of COVID-19 patients caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Tianjin, China: a retrospective, multicenter follow-up study (preprint)

Background: The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has been triggering the new wave of COVID-19 globally. However, the risk factors and outcomes for radiological abnormalities in the early convalescent stage (1 month after onset) of Omicron infected patients are still unknown.Methods: Patients were retrospectively enrolled if they were admitted to the hospital due to COVID-19 and underwent chest CT scans during hospitalization between 8 January and 24 February 2022. The chest CTs and clinical data obtained at admission and 1 month after onset were longitudinally analyzed. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between laboratory markers and CT scores. Uni-/multi-variable logistic regression tests were performed to explore independent risk factors for radiological abnormalities at admission and residual pulmonary abnormalities after 1 month. Results: We assessed 316 COVID-19 patients, including 47% with radiological abnormalities at admission and 23% with residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. In a multivariate regression analysis, age ≥ 50 years, body mass index ≥ 23.87, days after vaccination ≥ 81 days, lymphocyte count ≤ 1.21×10-9/L, Interleukin-6 ≥ 10.05 pg/mL and IgG ≤ 14.140 S/CO were independent risk factors for CT abnormalities at admission (odds ratio = 2.870, 4.171, 2.360, 2.826, 3.886 and 2.828, respectively; P < 0.05 for each comparison). The presence of interlobular septal thickening and IL-6 ≥ 5.85 pg/mL were the independent risk factors for residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up (odds ratio = 3.619 and 3.197, respectively; P < 0.05 for each comparison). There were no significant changes in the number of involved lung lobes (P = 0.308) and total CT score (P = 0.068) during the early convalescent stage. And the level of IL-6 showed positive correlation with CT score at admission (spearman r = 0.202, P = 0.030).Conclusions: The higher IL-6 level was a common independent risk factor for CT abnormalities at admission and residual pulmonary abnormalities at 1-month follow-up. And there were no obvious radiographic changes during the early convalescent stage in patients with residual pulmonary abnormalities.